DICGC — yeh paanch akshar har us vyakti ko jaanna chahiye jiska paisa bank me hai. DICGC ka matlab hai Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation. Yeh RBI ka wholly-owned subsidiary hai jo DICGC Act 1961 ke tahat kaam karta hai (1978 me bani). Iska ek hi kaam hai: agar aapka bank mushkil me aa jaaye, to aapke deposits par ₹5,00,000 tak ka insurance de. Bank FD karane ya savings account khulwane se pehle yeh samajhna zaroori hai ki yeh suraksha cover kaise kaam karta hai.
2026 me iski ahmiyat ek baar phir saamne aayi — RBI ne Mumbai ke Sarvodaya Co-operative Bank ka licence cancel kiya. Bank ke data ke mutabik ~98.36% depositors ka poora paisa DICGC cover me tha, aur 31 March 2026 tak RBI ne Section 18A ke tahat ₹26.72 crore ka payout kiya. Matlab jo depositors ₹5 lakh ki limit ke andar the, unka paisa surakshit raha.
DICGC Kya Hai: ₹5 Lakh Ka Cover Kaise Kaam Karta Hai
DICGC ka cover automatic hai — aapko alag se kuch karna nahi hota, koi form nahi bharna, koi premium nahi dena. Premium banks dete hain (semi-annual basis par DICGC ko), aur yeh suvidha har depositor ko milti hai bina kisi extra cost ke.
Cover ki seema hai: ₹5,00,000 per depositor per bank — aur isme principal + accrued interest COMBINED count hota hai. Matlab agar aapke account me ₹4,80,000 principal aur ₹30,000 interest juda hua hai, to kul ₹5,10,000 me se sirf ₹5,00,000 insured hoga.
Yeh limit hamesha ₹5 lakh nahi thi. 4 February 2020 se pehle yeh sirf ₹1 lakh thi — aur yeh badhotri 1993 ke baad pehli baar hui thi, lagbhag 27 saal baad. Tab se har bank me har depositor ka cover paanch guna badh gaya hai.
Kaun Se Bank Aur Kaun Se Deposits Covered Hain
Covered banks: Commercial banks — public sector banks, private sector banks, aur Bharat me foreign bankon ki branches; Regional Rural Banks (RRBs); Local Area Banks; Co-operative banks (urban aur rural dono).
Covered deposits: Savings account; Current account; Fixed deposit (FD); Recurring deposit (RD).
Kaun Cover Nahi Hai: Exclusions Samjhein
DICGC ka cover sab par nahi lagta. Yeh deposits cover se BAahar hain: Central ya state government ke deposits; Foreign governments ke deposits; Inter-bank deposits (ek bank ka doosre bank me jama paisa); Bharat ke bahar prapt deposits (foreign branches me jama); RBI ki approval se exempt kiye gaye deposits.
Aam depositor ke liye iska seedha matlab: aapka savings, FD ya RD — Bharat ke kisi bhi registered bank me — cover me hai.
Aggregation Rule: Ek Bank, Ek Limit
Yeh sabse galat samjha jaane wala rule hai, dhyaan se padhein. Limit per account nahi, per depositor per bank hai. Ek hi bank me, same right aur same capacity ke sab accounts ko JODKAR ₹5 lakh ki limit lagti hai.
Alag-alag bankon me alag ₹5 lakh ka cover milta hai. Aur alag capacity me bhi alag cover — individual capacity ka cover alag, joint account holder ke roop me capacity alag.
Udharahran: agar aapke paas Bank X me akele ke naam par savings + FD hai (individual capacity), aur usi bank me apni patni ke saath joint account hai (joint capacity) — to dono ka alag-alag ₹5 lakh cover hoga.
Real-Number Examples: Hisaab Khud Dekhein
Example 1 — Limit se zyada ek bank me: Bank X me aapke naam par savings ₹2,00,000 + FD ₹4,00,000 (individual capacity) = kul ₹6,00,000. Insured: ₹5,00,000. Uninsured: ₹6,00,000 − ₹5,00,000 = ₹1,00,000 risk me.
Example 2 — Laddering se poora cover: ₹10,00,000 ek hi bank me → ₹5,00,000 insured, ₹5,00,000 risk me. Lekin agar ₹5,00,000 Bank A me + ₹5,00,000 Bank B me → kul ₹10,00,000 poora insured. Wahi paisa, sirf do bankon me baantne se suraksha double.
Example 3 — Alag capacity ka fayda: Same bank me individual naam par ₹5,00,000 + patni ke saath joint account me ₹5,00,000 = kul ₹10,00,000. Individual capacity: ₹5,00,000 insured. Joint capacity: ₹5,00,000 insured. Kul: ₹10,00,000 poora insured (alag capacity = alag limit).
FD ke baare me detail me samajhne ke liye padhein: FD kya hai
DICGC (Amendment) Act 2021: Moratorium Par 45 Din Me Interim Payout
Pehle sabse badi dikkat yeh thi ki agar bank par moratorium lag jaata, to depositors ko apne paise ke liye saalon intezaar karna padta tha. DICGC (Amendment) Act 2021 ne yeh badla: ab bank par moratorium lagne par 45 din ke andar interim payout hota hai (dhara 18A ke tahat). Matlab ₹5 lakh ki limit tak ka paisa depositor ko jaldi milta hai, poori liquidation ka intezaar nahi karna padta.
Sarvodaya Co-operative Bank ke maamle me isi dhara ke tahat 31 March 2026 tak ₹26.72 crore ka payout hua — yeh naye kanoon ka vyavhaarik saboot hai.
Tulna: Ek Bank Me Badi Rakam vs Multiple Banks Me Laddering
| Pehlu | Ek bank me ₹15 lakh | Teen bankon me ₹5-5 lakh |
|---|---|---|
| DICGC cover | Sirf ₹5 lakh | Poore ₹15 lakh |
| Risk | ₹10 lakh uninsured | Zero uninsured |
| Mehnat | Ek hi bank sambhalna | Teen accounts manage karne honge |
| Interest rate | Ek bank ki rate | Best rate chunne ki chhoot |
Co-operative bank FD vs small finance bank FD: Dono hi DICGC ke cover me aate hain — co-operative bank ka licence cancel hone par bhi (jaise Sarvodaya ke case me hua) depositors ko ₹5 lakh tak ka cover milta hai. Isliye co-op bank me FD karte waqt limit ka dhyaan rakhna aur bhi zaroori hai.
Post office schemes: NSC, PPF, post office FD jaise schemes par sovereign guarantee hoti hai — woh DICGC ke dayre se bahar, seedha sarkar ki guarantee par chalte hain. Bachchon ke liye bachat options yahan dekhein: Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana 2026
Aam Galtiyan
- “Per account ₹5 lakh” samajhna: Galat — limit per depositor per bank hai. Ek bank me 5 account kholne se cover 5 guna nahi hota; sab judkar ₹5 lakh ki limit me aate hain.
- Alag branch me paisa baantna: Usi bank ki doosri branch me account kholne se koi fayda nahi — aggregation bank-level par hota hai, branch-level par nahi.
- Co-operative bank me bina soche badi FD: Co-op banks covered to hain, lekin badi rakam ek hi co-op bank me rakhna samajhdaari nahi — ₹5 lakh se upar ki rakam doosre bank me baantein.
- Joint account ko double cover samajhna: Joint account me har holder ko alag ₹5 lakh nahi milta. Cover capacity ke hisaab se hai.
- Interest bhool jaana: ₹4,90,000 ki FD par juda interest milakar kul ₹5 lakh se upar ho sakta hai — limit principal + interest combined par hai.
FAQs
Q1. Kya DICGC ke liye mujhe alag se premium dena hota hai? Nahi. Cover automatic hai aur premium bank deta hai (semi-annual). Depositor ko koi paisa nahi dena, koi form nahi bharna.
Q2. Ek bank me mera savings + FD milakar ₹5 lakh se zyada hai — kya karun? ₹5 lakh se upar ki rakam doosre bank me shift karein (laddering). Har bank me alag ₹5 lakh ka cover milta hai, to paisa baantne se poori rakam insured ho jaati hai.
Q3. Kya co-operative bank ke deposits bhi DICGC me covered hain? Haan. Urban aur rural co-operative banks dono covered hain. 2026 me Sarvodaya Co-operative Bank ka licence cancel hone par ~98.36% depositors ka poora paisa isi cover me tha.
Q4. Bank par moratorium lage to paisa kab milega? DICGC (Amendment) Act 2021 ke tahat moratorium ke 45 din ke andar interim payout hota hai (dhara 18A) — ₹5 lakh ki limit tak.
Q5. Kya joint account me mera alag cover hota hai? Haan — individual capacity aur joint holder ki capacity alag maani jaati hai, dono ka alag-alag ₹5 lakh cover hota hai.
Yeh sirf jaankari hai, financial advice nahi hai.
Sources: RBI — DICGC (RBI ka wholly-owned subsidiary; DICGC Act 1961) (rbi.org.in); DICGC official website (dicgc.org.in); Sarvodaya Co-operative Bank licence cancellation aur Section 18A payout (₹26.72 crore, 31 March 2026 tak) — RBI press releases.