Salary aate hi do-teen din me haath khaali ho jaata hai, aur saal ke aakhir me jab koi bada kharcha aata hai to lagta hai kaash thoda-thoda karke kuch joda hota. Doosri taraf, kabhi haath me ek saath kuch paisa aa jaata hai — bonus, PF ka hissa, khet ki fasal ki kamai, ya pichle saal ki bachat — aur darr lagta hai ki ye paisa kharch na ho jaye. Inhi do alag-alag haalaton ke liye bank aur post office ne do alag tareeke banaye hain, aur inke beech ka faisla hi RD vs FD ka sawaal hai. Naam sunne me dono ek jaise lagte hain, dono me paisa surakshit rehta hai, dono par byaaj milta hai, lekin paisa daalne ka tareeka bilkul alag hai — aur wahi ek farak aapke liye sahi ya galat chunav tay karta hai.
RD vs FD: Asli Farak Ek Line Me
RD ka matlab hai har mahine thoda-thoda jama karna. Aap har mahine ek fixed kist daalte hain — jaise 2,000 rupaye ya 5,000 rupaye — aur tenure poora hone par poora jama paisa plus byaaj ek saath milta hai. FD ka matlab hai ek baar me poora paisa jama karna. Aap aaj 50,000 ya 1 lakh rupaye jama karte hain, use ek fixed time ke liye band kar dete hain, aur maturity par paisa plus byaaj wapas milta hai.
Seedhe shabdon me, RD vs FD ka asal farak yehi hai — RD salary wale insaan ka tareeka hai, jiske paas har mahine thoda paisa bachta hai. FD us insaan ka tareeka hai, jiske paas aaj ek saath paisa maujood hai aur use surakshit rakhna hai. Dono me se koi bura nahi hai. Galat tab hota hai jab salary wala insaan FD ke chakkar me apni zaroorat ka paisa band kar deta hai, ya jiske paas lump sum hai woh use mahino tak savings account me pada rehne deta hai jahan byaaj sabse kam milta hai.
RD Kaise Kaam Karta Hai?
RD kholte waqt aap teen cheezein tay karte hain: har mahine kitni kist hogi, kitne mahine ya saal tak chalegi, aur kis bank ya post office me kholenge. Uske baad har mahine usi date ke aas-paas kist kat jaati hai — aksar auto-debit se, taaki aapko yaad rakhne ki zaroorat na pade.
Maan lijiye aapne 5,000 rupaye mahine ki RD li, 5 saal ke liye. Har mahine 5,000 jama honge, 60 mahino me kul 3,00,000 rupaye jama honge, aur maturity par byaaj ke saath usse zyada milega. Byaaj har mahine ki kist par us waqt se lagna shuru hota hai jab woh jama hoti hai. Matlab pehle mahine ki kist ko poore 5 saal ka byaaj milta hai, lekin aakhri mahine ki kist ko sirf ek mahine ka. Isliye RD ka effective byaaj dekhne me rate utna hi lagta hai jitna FD ka, lekin kul byaaj FD se kam banta hai — kyunki poora paisa shuru se kaam par nahi laga hota.
RD ki sabse badi taakat discipline hai. Kai log yahin phas jaate hain: mahine ke aakhir me jo bachta hai use bachane ki sochte hain, aur aakhir me kuch nahi bachta. RD me kist salary aate hi kat jaati hai, isliye bachat pehle hoti hai, kharcha baad me. Ye chhota sa farak hi saal bhar me bada antar bana deta hai. Jo log kehte hain “paisa haath me tikta hi nahi”, unke liye RD aksar SIP se bhi zyada seedha aur samajhne me aasan rehta hai, kyunki paisa kahin risk me nahi jaata.
Post office me RD ki khaas baat ye hai ki iska tenure 5 saal ka hota hai aur minimum kist sirf 100 rupaye mahine se shuru hoti hai. Bankon me RD ka tenure zyada flexible hota hai — 6 mahine se lekar 10 saal tak, bank par nirbhar karta hai. Kist ki rakam bhi bank ke hisaab se alag hoti hai, lekin aam taur par 500 ya 1,000 rupaye se shuru ho jaati hai. Kist miss ho jaye to bank ya post office penalty laga sakta hai, isliye kist utni hi rakhein jitni har mahine aaram se nikal jaye, zyada Josh me aakar badi kist mat lein.
RD ke baare me poori jaankari ke liye aap is guide ko bhi padh sakte hain: Recurring Deposit Kya Hai?
FD Kaise Kaam Karta Hai?
FD me kahani ulta hai. Aap ek baar paisa jama karte hain aur ek tenure chunte hain — 7 din se lekar 10 saal tak, bank aur scheme par nirbhar karta hai. Us dauran paisa band rehta hai. Maturity par aapko principal plus byaaj milta hai. Kuch FD me byaaj har mahine ya har teen mahine me account me aata hai, kuch me maturity par ek saath milta hai. Jo log har mahine thodi income chahte hain, jaise retired mata-pita, woh aksar monthly ya quarterly payout wali FD pasand karte hain.
FD ka byaaj aam taur par tenure ke hisaab se badalta hai. Chhote tenure par rate thoda kam, lambe tenure par thoda zyada mil sakta hai — lekin ye hamesha aisa nahi hota, rate bank ki zaroorat aur market haalat par bhi nirbhar karta hai. Senior citizens ko aam taur par bank FD par aam grahak se 0.50 percent zyada byaaj deta hai. Ye ek aam practice hai, lekin exact extra rate bank par nirbhar karta hai, isliye account kholne se pehle apne bank ka current rate card zaroor check karein.
FD ke baare me vistar se yahan padhein: FD Kya Hai?
Table Box: Ek Nazar Me RD Aur FD
| Vikalp | Kaun Kaise Jama Karta Hai | Tenure | Byaaj Kaise Milta Hai | Beech Me Todne Par | Tax Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RD (Recurring Deposit) | Har mahine fixed kist, jaise 5,000 rupaye | Post office me 5 saal; bankon me aam taur par 6 mahine se 10 saal tak | Maturity par ek saath, quarterly compounding ke saath | Niyam bank/post office par nirbhar; post office RD 3 saal ke baad premature closure ki anumati deta hai; penalty ya kam byaaj lag sakta hai | Byaaj slab rate par taxable; TDS niyam neeche dekhein |
| FD (Fixed Deposit) | Ek baar me lump sum, jaise 60,000 ya 1 lakh rupaye | Bankon me 7 din se 10 saal tak; post office Time Deposit me 1, 2, 3 ya 5 saal | Monthly/quarterly payout ya maturity par ek saath, scheme par nirbhar | Aam taur par kabhi bhi toda ja sakta hai, lekin premature withdrawal penalty aur kam rate lagta hai | Byaaj slab rate par taxable; TDS threshold se zyada byaaj par 10 percent TDS (PAN hone par) |
RD vs FD: Side-By-Side Comparison
| Baat | RD | FD |
|---|---|---|
| Kiske liye best hai | Har mahine salary ya regular income wala vyakti | Jiske paas ek saath lump sum maujood hai |
| Shuruaat kitne se | Post office me 100 rupaye mahine se; bankon me aam taur par 500-1,000 rupaye mahine se | Bank par nirbhar; aam taur par 5,000-10,000 rupaye se, kuch bankon me kam bhi |
| Paisa kab kaam par lagta hai | Dheere-dheere, har kist ke saath | Pehle din se poora paisa |
| Same rate par kul byaaj | Kam, kyunki average paisa kam waqt kaam karta hai | Zyada, kyunki poora paisa poora tenure kaam karta hai |
| Discipline | Bahut achha — auto-debit se bachat pehle hoti hai | Khud se discipline chahiye, paisa ek baar jama karne ke baad band ho jaata hai |
| Flexibility | Kist badalna mushkil; nayi RD kholni padti hai | Har FD alag tenure aur rakam ki ho sakti hai; ladder banaya ja sakta hai |
| Risk | Bank/post office deposit ke roop me surakshit; DICGC cover bank deposits par lagu | Wahi suraksha; DICGC cover bank deposits par lagu |
| Kiske liye sahi nahi | Jiski income aniyamit hai aur har mahine kist mushkil ho | Jise agle kuch mahino me hi paise ki zaroorat pad sakti hai |
Hisab-Kitab: Khud Calculate Kiye Hue Examples
Example 1: Ek Saal Me 60,000 Rupaye — RD Ya FD?
Maan lijiye aapke paas do raaste hain. Raasta ek: har mahine 5,000 rupaye ki RD, 12 mahine tak, maani gayi dar 6.7 percent saalana, quarterly compounding. Raasta do: ek saath 60,000 rupaye ki FD, 1 saal ke liye, maani gayi dar 7.0 percent saalana, quarterly compounding.
| Vikalp | Kul Jama | Maani Gayi Dar | Approx Maturity | Approx Byaaj |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RD: 5,000 x 12 mahine | 60,000 rupaye | 6.7 percent, quarterly compounding | Lagbhag 62,555 rupaye | Lagbhag 2,555 rupaye |
| FD: 60,000 ek saath, 1 saal | 60,000 rupaye | 7.0 percent, quarterly compounding | Lagbhag 64,312 rupaye | Lagbhag 4,312 rupaye |
Farak saaf hai — FD me lagbhag 1,750 rupaye zyada byaaj bana, halanki rate me sirf 0.3 percent ka antar tha. Wajah ye nahi ki FD “behtar product” hai. Wajah ye hai ki FD wale ke 60,000 rupaye poore saal kaam par lage, jabki RD wale ka paisa dheere-dheere jama hua. RD wale ka ausat paisa sirf lagbhag saadhe 6 mahine kaam par laga. Isliye RD aur FD ki tulna karte waqt sirf rate mat dekhein — paisa kitne waqt kaam par laga, ye bhi dekhein.
Example 2: Paanch Saal Me 3 Lakh Rupaye
Ab lamba nazariya lein. RD: 5,000 rupaye mahine, 60 mahine, dar 6.7 percent, quarterly compounding. Kul jama 3,00,000 rupaye, approx maturity lagbhag 3,58,800 rupaye, approx byaaj lagbhag 58,800 rupaye.
FD: agar kisi ke paas pehle din se hi 3,00,000 rupaye hote aur woh 5 saal ki FD karta, maani gayi dar 7.5 percent, quarterly compounding, to approx maturity lagbhag 4,34,984 rupaye banti, approx byaaj lagbhag 1,34,984 rupaye.
Kaun Kiske Liye Sahi Hai?
Monthly Salary Wala Vyakti
Aapki salary 30,000 rupaye hai. Kiraya, khana, bachon ki padhai ke baad 5,000-7,000 bachte hain. Aapke liye RD seedha raasta hai. Salary aate hi kist kat jayegi, aur saal bhar me 60,000-84,000 jama ho jayenge bina kisi mehnat ke. FD ke liye aapko pehle 60,000 jodne padenge, aur tab tak woh paisa savings account me pada rahega ya kharch ho jayega. Isliye salary walon ke liye pehla kadam RD hi hona chahiye.
Lump Sum Wala Vyakti
Bonus mila hai, ya koi purani bachat haath me aayi hai, aur agle 1-2 saal me uski zaroorat nahi hai. Aapke liye FD seedha hai. Paisa ek baar jama karein, rate lock ho jayega, aur maturity tak chain se rahega. Lekin poora paisa ek hi FD me mat daalein. Ek hissa emergency ke liye savings account ya aisi jagah rakhein jahan turant nikal sake. Baaki ka FD karein, behtar hai ladder bana kar.
Post Office vs Bank: Kahan Farak Hai?
Post office ki schemes sarkari small savings schemes hain, jinki daren har teen mahine me sarkar ghoshit karti hai. Bank ki daren bank khud tay karta hai aur samay-samay par badal sakta hai. Isliye dono ki tulna karte waqt sirf aaj ka rate mat dekhein, niyam bhi dekhein.
Oct-Dec 2026 quarter ke liye, Finance Ministry ke 30 September 2026 ke karyalaya gyapan ke hisaab se small savings daren pichle quarter jaisi hi rakhi gayi hain. Post office RD ki dar 6.7 percent saalana hai, quarterly compounding ke saath, aur tenure 5 saal hai. Post office Time Deposit — jo post office ka FD jaisa product hai — ki daren is quarter me is prakar hain: 1 saal ke liye 6.9 percent, 2 saal ke liye 7.0 percent, 3 saal ke liye 7.1 percent, aur 5 saal ke liye 7.5 percent, sab quarterly compounding ke saath. Ye daren sarkari ghoshna par aadharit hain aur agle quarter me badal sakti hain. Nayi RD ya Time Deposit kholne se pehle indiapost.gov.in par current quarter ki dar zaroor verify kar lein.
Bankon ki daren isse alag ho sakti hain aur badalti rehti hain, isliye is article me bank daron ko sirf indicative ya example ke roop me liya gaya hai — apne bank ka current rate card zaroor check karein.
Beech Me Paisa Nikaalna: Premature Withdrawal Ke Niyam
Ye woh hissa hai jise log aksar baad me padhte hain, jab zaroorat pad jaati hai. Pehle se jaan lena behtar hai.
Bank FD ko aam taur par tenure poora hone se pehle toda ja sakta hai, lekin is par premature withdrawal penalty lagti hai. Aam taur par bank ghoshit rate se 0.50 se 1 percent kam rate deta hai, ya ek fixed penalty kaat-ta hai — exact niyam bank ke terms par nirbhar karta hai. Kuch FD, jaise tax-saving FD, ko 5 saal se pehle toda hi nahi ja sakta. Isliye FD kholte waqt ye zaroor poochein ki premature withdrawal par kya niyam hai, aur kya koi lock-in hai.
Post office RD me premature closure ki anumati account chalne ke 3 saal ke baad milti hai, pehle nahi — ye post office RD ka khaas niyam hai. Post office Time Deposit ke premature niyam alag hain aur tenure par nirbhar karte hain, isliye post office me account kholte waqt uska niyam patra ya official page zaroor padhein. Aam salah yehi hai: RD ya FD ko emergency fund mat samjhein. Emergency ke liye alag se 3-6 mahine ke kharch ke barabar paisa savings account ya turant nikalne wali jagah me rakhein, taaki FD/RD todne ki naubat hi na aaye.
Suraksha Aur Tax: Do Baatein Jo Har Jama Karne Wale Ko Jaanni Chahiye
DICGC Cover: 5 Lakh Tak Ki Suraksha
Bank me jama paisa Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation (DICGC) ke antargat insured hota hai. DICGC Reserve Bank of India ki wholly-owned subsidiary hai. Har depositor ka har bank me kul 5 lakh rupaye tak ka deposit — principal plus byaaj milakar — insured hota hai. Ye limit 4 February 2020 se 5 lakh hai, usse pehle 1 lakh thi.
Ye baat dhyan se samjhein: cover per account nahi, per depositor per bank hai. Matlab ek hi bank me aapka savings account, FD aur RD milakar 5 lakh se zyada hai to cover sirf 5 lakh tak ka hai. Alag-alag bankon me paisa rakhne par har bank ke liye alag 5 lakh ka cover milta hai. Joint account ko alag depositor identity ke roop me gina jaata hai. NBFC ke deposits par DICGC cover nahi milta — ye sirf bank deposits ke liye hai. Post office ki schemes sarkari schemes hain, unki suraksha sarkari guarantee se judi hai, DICGC ke bank cover se alag tareeke se samjhi jaati hai.
Tax: Byaaj Par Slab Rate, TDS Alag Cheez Hai
RD aur FD dono par milne wala byaaj aapki income me judta hai aur aapke income tax slab ke hisaab se taxable hota hai. Matlab byaaj par koi alag chhota rate nahi hai — jo slab aapki kul income par lagta hai, wahi byaaj par bhi lagega. Senior citizens ke liye kuch alag deduction ke niyam ho sakte hain, lekin byaaj ka taxable hona wahi rehta hai.
TDS isse alag cheez hai. TDS tax nahi, balki tax ka advance katna hai. 1 April 2025 se lagu niyam ke hisaab se, bank, co-operative bank ya post office se ek financial year me 50,000 rupaye se zyada byaaj milne par 10 percent TDS kat-ta hai, jab PAN diya gaya ho. Senior citizens ke liye ye threshold 1,00,000 rupaye hai. Doosri entities, jaise companies ya NBFC, ke liye threshold aam taur par 10,000 rupaye hai. TDS katna ka matlab ye nahi ki utna tax final hai — ITR bharte waqt ye TDS aapke kul tax me se adjust hota hai, aur zyada kata ho to refund bhi mil sakta hai. Agar aapki kul income taxable limit se kam hai to Form 15G (60 saal se kam) ya Form 15H (senior citizens) dekar TDS se bacha ja sakta hai, sharton ke saath.
Aam Galtiyan Jo Log RD/FD Me Karte Hain
Pehli galti: sirf sabse zyada rate ke peeche bhaagna. Koi chhota bank ya NBFC 1 percent zyada de raha hai to log bina DICGC cover aur niyam dekhe paisa daal dete hain. Rate ke saath suraksha aur premature niyam bhi dekhein.
Doosri galti: emergency paisa FD me band kar dena. Phir zaroorat padne par penalty ke saath todna padta hai, aur byaaj ka bada hissa chala jaata hai. Emergency fund alag rakhein, FD alag.
Teesri galti: RD ki kist bahut badi rakhna. Shuru me Josh me 10,000 ki kist le li, 4 mahine baad salary me dikkat aayi, kist miss hui, penalty lagi, aur RD band karni padi. Chhoti aur tikau kist hi sahi kist hai.
Account Kholne Ka Step-By-Step Tareeka
Bank me RD vs FD — dono me se koi bhi khata kholna aaj bahut aasan hai, lekin pehli baar walon ke liye steps saaf hona zaroori hai:
1. Pehle RD vs FD me se tay karein ki aapke liye kya sahi hai — is guide ke hisaab se apni haalat dekhein, sirf rate dekh kar nahi. 2. Bank ya post office chunein aur uski official website ya branch se current rate, tenure aur premature niyam likh kar lein. 3. Rakam aur tenure tay karein. RD ke liye mahine ki kist, FD ke liye lump sum rakam. 4. Documents taiyaar rakhein: Aadhaar, PAN, aur ek savings account jahan se kist kategi ya jahan maturity ka paisa aayega. KYC poora hona zaroori hai. 5. Bank app ya net banking se online kholein, ya branch/post office me form bharein. Nominee zaroor jodein — ye chhota sa kadam parivaar ke liye bahut bada kaam aata hai. 6. Auto-debit (RD ke liye) on karein aur pehli kist katne ki date note karein. FD ke liye payout option chunein — maturity par ek saath, ya har mahine/quarterly byaaj. 7. Maturity date aur interest certificate ka record rakhein. Har saal interest certificate download karke ITR file me rakhein.
Official Links
- India Post — Small Savings Schemes aur current rates: https://www.indiapost.gov.in/
- Reserve Bank of India — DICGC se judi jaankari: https://www.rbi.org.in/
- Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation: https://www.dicgc.org.in/
- Income Tax Department — TDS aur interest se judi jaankari: https://www.incometax.gov.in/
Yeh sirf jaankari hai, financial advice nahi hai.
FAQ
1. RD vs FD me se kaun sa zyada byaaj deta hai?
RD vs FD ki seedhi tulna karein to same rate aur same tenure par FD ka kul byaaj zyada banta hai, kyunki FD me poora paisa pehle din se kaam par lagta hai. Lekin ye tulna tabhi seedhi hai jab dono me paisa daalne ka waqt ek ho. Salary wale ke liye RD zyada practical hai kyunki uske paas shuru me lump sum nahi hota. Sahi sawaal ye hai ki aapke paas paisa kab aata hai, na ki sirf rate kya hai.
2. Kya RD aur FD ka paisa poori tarah surakshit hai?
RD vs FD dono hi bank deposits hain, isliye dono par DICGC ke antargat har depositor ko har bank me 5 lakh rupaye tak ka cover milta hai, principal plus byaaj milakar. Is limit se zyada paisa ek hi bank me rakhne par us hisse par cover nahi milta. Post office schemes sarkari schemes hain. NBFC deposits par DICGC cover nahi milta, isliye NBFC me paisa daalne se pehle ye baat zaroor check karein.
3. Beech me paisa nikaalne par kitna nuksaan hota hai?
Bank FD todne par aam taur par premature penalty lagti hai aur ghoshit rate se kam rate milta hai, exact niyam bank par nirbhar karta hai. Post office RD 3 saal ke baad hi premature closure ki anumati deta hai. Isliye FD/RD me sirf wahi paisa daalein jiski tenure tak zaroorat na ho, aur emergency ke liye alag fund rakhein.
4. RD ya FD par tax kaise lagta hai?
Dono par milne wala byaaj aapki income me judkar slab rate par taxable hota hai. Bank ya post office se ek saal me 50,000 rupaye se zyada byaaj par 10 percent TDS kat sakta hai, senior citizens ke liye ye limit 1,00,000 rupaye hai. TDS final tax nahi hai — ITR me ye adjust hota hai aur zyada kata ho to refund mil sakta hai.
5. 2026 me post office RD aur Time Deposit par kya rate hai?
Oct-Dec 2026 quarter ke liye post office RD ki dar 6.7 percent saalana hai, quarterly compounding ke saath, tenure 5 saal. Post office Time Deposit ki daren isi quarter me 1 saal par 6.9 percent, 2 saal par 7.0 percent, 3 saal par 7.1 percent aur 5 saal par 7.5 percent hain. Ye daren har quarter badal sakti hain, isliye kholne se pehle indiapost.gov.in par current dar verify kar lein. RD vs FD dono ki taaza daren dekh kar hi paisa lagayein.