Chemical reactions and equations notes Class 10 in Hindi — NCERT Science ka Chapter 1 (Rasaynik Abhikriyaen aur Samikaran) yahan simple bhasha mein samjhaya gaya hai. Board exam mein is chapter se lagbhag 6-8 marks ke questions aate hain, isliye ise achhi tarah taiyaar karein.
Rasaynik Abhikriya Kya Hai? (Chemical Reaction)
Jab ek ya ek se adhik padarth (reactants) milkar poori tarah naye padarth (products) banate hain, jinke gun reactant se bilkul alag hote hain, to use rasaynik abhikriya kehte hain. Yeh chemical reactions and equations notes class 10 in hindi ka pehla aur sabse mahatvapurna topic hai.
Pehchan — abhikriya hui hai, yeh kaise pata chalega? In lakshnon ko chemical reactions and equations notes class 10 in hindi mein yaad rakhein.
- Avastha mein parivartan (solid se gas banna)
- Rang mein badlav
- Garmi ya thandak ka nikalna
- Gas ka nikalna (jhaag/bulbule)
- Avkshep (precipitate) ka banna
Rasaynik Samikaran Likhna (Chemical Equation)
Rasaynik abhikriya ko shabdon ki jagah sanketon aur sutron se likhne ko rasaynik samikaran kehte hain. Yeh chemical reactions and equations notes class 10 in hindi ka aadhar hai.
Udaharan: Zinc + Sulphuric Acid → Zinc Sulphate + Hydrogen. Yeh chemical reactions and equations notes class 10 in hindi ka sabse prasiddh udaharan hai.
- Zn + H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + H2
- Baayein taraf ke padarth = Abhikarak (Reactants), daayein taraf ke = Utpaad (Products)
- Teer (→) abhikriya ki disha batata hai
Samikaran Ka Santulan (Balancing)
Dravyamaan sanrakshan ke niyam ke anusaar — abhikriya mein na to parmanu bante hain, na nasht hote hain. Isliye samikaran ke dono taraf har tatva ke parmanuon ki sankhya barabar honi chahiye. Ise santulan kehte hain. Is niyam ko dhyan mein rakhkar chemical reactions and equations notes class 10 in hindi mein samikaran santulit kiye jaate hain.
Hit and Trial vidhi (steps): Chemical reactions and equations notes class 10 in hindi mein yahi vidhi sabse zyada istemal hoti hai.
- Asantulit samikaran likhein.
- Sabse pehle sabse bade sutra wale yaugik ko santulit karein.
- Phir doosre tatvon ko ek-ek karke santulit karein.
- Ant mein H aur O ko santulit karein.
Udaharan: Fe + H2O → Fe3O4 + H2. Is udaharan ko chemical reactions and equations notes class 10 in hindi mein dhyan se samjhein.
- Santulit: 3Fe + 4H2O → Fe3O4 + 4H2
- Dono taraf: Fe = 3, H = 8, O = 4
Abhikriyaon Ke Prakar (Types of Reactions)
Is chemical reactions and equations notes class 10 in hindi guide mein hum rasaynik abhikriyaon ke 5 mukhya prakaron ko udaharan sahit samjhenge.
1. Sanyojan Abhikriya (Combination Reaction)
Do ya do se adhik abhikarak milkar ek hi utpaad banate hain. Chemical reactions and equations notes class 10 in hindi mein yeh sabse pehla prakar hai.
- CaO + H2O → Ca(OH)2 (buja hua choona — garmi nikalti hai)
- C + O2 → CO2
2. Viyojan Abhikriya (Decomposition Reaction)
Ek abhikarak tootkar do ya do se adhik utpaad deta hai. Garmi dene par hone wali viyojan abhikriya ko ushmiya viyojan kehte hain. Is prakar ko chemical reactions and equations notes class 10 in hindi mein vistar se samjhaya gaya hai.
- CaCO3 → CaO + CO2 (choone ke patthar ko garm karne par)
- 2H2O → 2H2 + O2 (vidyut viyojan)
Visthapan viyojan — suraj ki roshni se hone wali viyojan, jaise: Visthapan viyojan ka yeh prakar chemical reactions and equations notes class 10 in hindi mein photography ke sandarbh mein samjhaya gaya hai.
- 2AgCl → 2Ag + Cl2 (silver chloride suraj ki roshni mein kala padta hai — photography mein upyog)
3. Visthapan Abhikriya (Displacement Reaction)
Adhik kriyashil tatva kam kriyashil tatva ko uske yaugik se hata deta hai. Visthapan abhikriya chemical reactions and equations notes class 10 in hindi ke important topics mein se ek hai.
- Fe + CuSO4 → FeSO4 + Cu (lohe ki keel neele ghole mein laal-bhoori ho jaati hai)
- Zn + CuSO4 → ZnSO4 + Cu
4. Dvivisthapan Abhikriya (Double Displacement Reaction)
Do yaugikon ke aayan aapas mein adla-badli karte hain; aksar avkshep banta hai. Dvivisthapan abhikriya ko chemical reactions and equations notes class 10 in hindi mein avkshep ke udaharan se samjhein.
- Na2SO4 + BaCl2 → BaSO4 (safed avkshep) + 2NaCl
- AgNO3 + NaCl → AgCl (safed avkshep) + NaNO3
5. Upchayan-Apchayan (Oxidation-Reduction)
- Upchayan: oxygen ka judna YA hydrogen ka hatna (electron ka tyag).
- Apchayan: oxygen ka hatna YA hydrogen ka judna (electron ka grahan).
- Dono ek saath hoti hain — ise redox abhikriya kehte hain.
- Udaharan: CuO + H2 → Cu + H2O (CuO ka apchayan, H2 ka upchayan)
Rozmarra Zindagi Mein Upchayan Ke Prabhav
Sangan (Corrosion)
Loha nami wali hawa mein oxygen se milkar jang (Fe2O3·xH2O) banata hai — bhoore rang ki parat. Isse lohe ki vastuen kamzor ho jaati hain.
- Rokthaam: painting, oiling, greasing, galvanization (jaste ki parat), chromium plating.
Vikritgandhita (Rancidity)
Tel-ghee wale khadya padarth lambe samay tak hawa mein rakhne par oxygen se upchayit hokar badboodaar ho jaate hain — ise rancidity kehte hain.
- Rokthaam: antioxidants milana, air-tight dabbon mein rakhna, chips ke packet mein nitrogen gas bharna.
Yaad Rakhne Yogya Points (Revision)
In chemical reactions and equations notes class 10 in hindi ke mukhya binduon ko yaad rakhein:
- Santulit samikaran mein dono taraf parmanu sankhya barabar hoti hai.
- Sanyojan = milna, Viyojan = tootna, Visthapan = hatana, Dvivisthapan = adla-badli.
- Jang ka sutra: Fe2O3·xH2O (hydrated ferric oxide).
- Chips ke packet mein nitrogen gas bhari jaati hai taaki upchayan na ho.
- Silver chloride suraj ki roshni mein viyojit hota hai — shwet-shyam photography ka aadhar.
- Is chemical reactions and equations notes class 10 in hindi ko pariksha se pehle kam se kam 2 baar revise karein.
Practice Questions — Chemical Reactions and Equations Notes Class 10 in Hindi
- Rasaynik samikaran ko santulit karna kyun zaroori hai? Udaharan sahit samjhayein.
- 3Fe + 4H2O → Fe3O4 + 4H2 mein kaun sa tatva upchayit aur kaun sa apchayit hua hai?
- Sanyojan aur viyojan abhikriya mein antar likhiye (2-2 udaharan sahit).
- Rancidity kya hai? Ise rokne ke do upaay likhiye.
- Fe + CuSO4 → FeSO4 + Cu — yeh kaun si abhikriya hai aur kyun?
Umeed hai yeh chemical reactions and equations notes class 10 in hindi aapki board pariksha ki taiyaari mein madad karenge. Class 10 Science ke aur notes ke liye Photosynthesis Notes aur Human Heart Notes bhi padhein. Students section ke saare updates ke liye https://jagatindia.com/category/students/ par jaayein.