Board exam mein Science ke paper mein Photosynthesis (Prakash Sanshleshan) se har saal sawal poochhe jaate hain — definition, equation, prayog aur factors. Yeh photosynthesis notes class 10 in hindi mein taiyaar kiye gaye hain — NCERT (Class 10 Science, Chapter: Life Processes) par aadharit, jinki kitabein ncert.nic.in se free download ho sakti hain. Ek baar dhyaan se padh lijiye, phir revision ke liye “Yaad Rakhne Yogya Points” wala hissa kaafi hoga.
Class 10 ke baad sahi stream chunne mein madad ke liye hamari 10th ke baad kya karein career guide zaroor padhein. Students ke liye aur study material students section mein milega — yeh photosynthesis notes class 10 in hindi aapki board taiyari mein kaam aayenge.
Photosynthesis Kya Hai?
Photosynthesis (Prakash Sanshleshan) vah prakriya hai jisme hare paudhe surya ke prakash ki upasthiti mein carbon dioxide (CO₂) aur jal (H₂O) se apna bhojan (glucose) banate hain. Is prakriya mein oxygen (O₂) upjaat (by-product) ke roop mein nikalti hai.
Seedhe shabdon mein: paudhe suraj ki roshni se apna khana khud banate hain — isiliye inhe “swayampishi” (autotrophs) kehte hain.
Photosynthesis Ka Samikaran (Equation)
6CO₂ + 12H₂O —(surya prakash / chlorophyll)—→ C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ + 6H₂O
Is samikaran ko aise yaad rakhein:
- 6CO₂ — vayu se, pattiyon ke randhra (stomata) ke dwara li jaati hai
- 12H₂O — jadon dwara mitti se lekar xylem (xylem nalikaon) ke dwara pattiyon tak pahunchta hai
- C₆H₁₂O₆ — glucose, paudhe ka bhojan
- 6O₂ — oxygen, jo vayu mein chhod di jaati hai
Photosynthesis Kahan Aur Kaise Hota Hai?
Harit Lavak (Chloroplast)
Photosynthesis pattiyon ki koshikaon mein sthit chloroplast naamak angak mein hota hai. Isme chlorophyll (harit lavak) naamak varnak hota hai jo surya ke prakash ki urja ko grahan (absorb) karta hai — pattiyon ka hara rang isi chlorophyll ki wajah se hota hai.
Randhra (Stomata)
Pattiyon ki satah par chhote-chhote chhidra hote hain jinhe stomata (randhra) kehte hain. Inhi se CO₂ andar aati hai aur oxygen bahar jaati hai. Randhra ka khulna-band hona dwar koshikaon (guard cells) dwara niyantrit hota hai.
Charan-dar-charan prakriya
- Chlorophyll surya ke prakash ki urja ko grahan karta hai.
- Is urja se jal ke anu (H₂O) toot-te hain — hydrogen aur oxygen alag hote hain.
- CO₂ ka apchayan (reduction) hokar carbohydrate (glucose) banta hai.
- Bani hui oxygen vayu mein chhod di jaati hai.
- Glucose ka kuchh hissa turant urja ke liye istemal hota hai, baaki starch ke roop mein sangrahit ho jaata hai.
Photosynthesis Ko Prabhavit Karne Wale Karak
- Prakash ki tivrata — tez roshni mein photosynthesis tez hota hai (ek seema tak).
- CO₂ ki matra — vayu mein CO₂ badhne par prakriya tez hoti hai.
- Tapmaan — bahut zyada garmi ya sardi mein prakriya dheemi ho jaati hai.
- Jal ki uplabdhata — paani ki kami mein randhra band ho jaate hain, CO₂ andar nahi aa paati.
Yaad rakhein: registani paudhe (jaise cactus) paani bachane ke liye din mein randhra band rakhte hain aur raat mein CO₂ lete hain.
Mahatvapurna Prayog (Experiments)
Prayog 1 — Patti mein starch ki upasthiti (Iodine test)
Patti ko pehle ubalte paani mein, phir alcohol mein ubaal kar chlorophyll nikaal lete hain (patti safed ho jaati hai). Ab us par iodine ki boondein daalne par neela-kala rang aata hai — iska arth hai patti mein starch maujood hai, arthaat photosynthesis hua tha.
Prayog 2 — Prakash zaroori hai (Variegated leaf)
Dhari-daar patti (jaise croton/money plant — jisme hare aur safed dono hisse hon) ko starch test karne par sirf hare hisson mein neela-kala rang aata hai. Isse siddh hota hai ki photosynthesis ke liye chlorophyll aur prakash dono zaroori hain.
Prayog 3 — CO₂ zaroori hai (KOH experiment)
Ek paudhe ki patti ke aas-paas KOH (potassium hydroxide) rakha jaata hai jo vayu ki CO₂ ko soak leta hai. Starch test mein uss patti ke hisse mein rang nahi aata — isse siddh hota hai ki photosynthesis ke liye CO₂ aavashyak hai.
Yaad Rakhne Yogya Points — Photosynthesis Notes Class 10 in Hindi
- Photosynthesis chloroplast mein, chlorophyll ki upasthiti mein hota hai.
- Kachcha maal: CO₂ (stomata se) + H₂O (jadon se) + surya prakash.
- Utpaad: glucose + oxygen; oxygen upjaat hai.
- Glucose ka sangrahit roop: starch.
- Randhra ka niyantran: guard cells (dwar koshikaen).
- Iodine test mein starch ka rang: neela-kala.
- Paudhe swayampishi (autotrophs) hote hain; prithvi par lagbhag saari oxygen aur bhojan ka mool srot photosynthesis hi hai.
Pariksha Mein Poochhe Jaane Wale Sawal
- Photosynthesis ki paribhasha likhiye aur uska santulit samikaran dijiye.
- Stomata ke khulne-band hone ki prakriya samjhaiye.
- Sidh kijiye ki photosynthesis ke liye prakash aavashyak hai (prayog sahit).
- Photosynthesis ko prabhavit karne wale karakon ka varnan kijiye.
- Chlorophyll ka kya karya hai? Chloroplast kahan paaya jaata hai?
Umeed hai yeh photosynthesis notes class 10 in hindi aapki board pariksha ki taiyari mein madad karenge — revision ke liye is page ko bookmark kar lein.