Life processes class 10 notes NCERT Science ke Chapter 6 ke sabse important topics ko simple Hindi mein cover karte hain. Ye life processes class 10 notes har process ko aasaan bhasha, diagrams aur examples ke saath samjhate hain. “Life processes” ka matlab hai — jeevit rehne ke liye zaroori sabhi kriyaen: nutrition (poshan), respiration (shwasan), transportation (parivahan) aur excretion (utsarjan). Board exam mein is chapter se 5-6 marks ke questions aate hain.
Life Processes Class 10 Notes — Nutrition (Poshan) Kya Hai?
Nutrition woh prakriya hai jisse jeev urja aur vriddhi ke liye bhojan lete hain. Do prakar ka hota hai:
Autotrophic Nutrition (Swayamposhi)
Hare paudhe apna bhojan khud banate hain — isse photosynthesis kehte hain. Chlorophyll suraj ki roshni ko pakadta hai aur patton ke stomata se CO2 andar aati hai.
Photosynthesis ka equation:
6CO₂ + 12H₂O → (roshni + chlorophyll) → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ + 6H₂O
Heterotrophic Nutrition (Parposhi)
Jo jeev doosron par nirbhar hain — teen prakar:
- Saprotrophic: sare-gale padarthon se poshan (jaise fungi/bread mould)
- Parasitic: doosre jeev se poshan bina faayda diye (jaise amarbel/Cuscuta)
- Holozoic: thos bhojan khaana (jaise Amoeba, manushya)
Amoeba mein nutrition: pseudopodia se bhojan pakadta hai → food vacuole banti hai → pachan → apacha bhojan bahar nikal diya jaata hai.
Mouth se lekar anus tak ka rasta alimentary canal kehlata hai:
- Mouth: daanton se chabana + salivary glands ka amylase (starch → sugar)
- Oesophagus: peristaltic movement se bhojan neeche
- Stomach: HCl (acidic medium) + pepsin enzyme (protein ka pachan)
- Small intestine: sabse lamba bhaag — yahin poora pachan aur absorption hota hai
- Large intestine: paani ka absorption
- Anus: apacha bhojan bahar
Sahayak granthiyan (glands):
- Liver (yakrit): sabse badi granthi — bile juice banata hai (vasa ka emulsification)
- Pancreas: trypsin, lipase aur pancreatic amylase
- Small intestine ki deewar par villi hote hain jo pache hue bhojan ko khoon mein absorb karte hain.
Shwasan (Respiration)
Respiration mein bhojan se urja nikalti hai. Do prakar:
Aerobic (oxygen ke saath):
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Urja (ATP)
Anaerobic (bina oxygen):
- Yeast mein: glucose → ethanol + CO₂ (fermentation)
- Hamari muscles mein tez daud par: glucose → lactic acid (isiliye cramps hote hain)
Manushya mein saans lene ki prakriya: diaphragm aur ribs ki muscles se chest cavity badalti hai → hawa andar. Lungs mein alveoli (chhoti thailiyan) hain jahan gas exchange hota hai — oxygen khoon mein, CO₂ bahar. Diffusion ke dwara yeh exchange hota hai.
Life Processes Class 10 Notes — Parivahan (Transportation)
Hamara dil chaar kakshon (2 atria + 2 ventricles) ka hota hai. Khoon dil se do baar guzarta hai — isiliye double circulation:
- Pulmonary circulation: right ventricle → lungs (CO₂ chhodkar O₂ lena) → left atrium
- Systemic circulation: left ventricle → poora shareer → right atrium
Blood vessels:
- Arteries (dhamniyan): dil se khoon le jaati hain — moti deewar waali
- Veins (shiraen): khoon wapas laati hain — valves hote hain
- Capillaries: sabse patli — yahin exchange hota hai
Khoon ke ghatak: RBC (oxygen le jaana), WBC (rog se ladna), platelets (khoon jamana), plasma (taral bhaag). Lymph bhi ek taral hai jo tissue se extra fluid wapas laata hai.
Utsarjan (Excretion)
Shareer se apashisht padarth nikaalna excretion hai. Manushya mein iska main ang kidney hai.
Nephron kidney ki functional unit hai:
- Glomerulus + Bowman’s capsule: khoon ka filtration — glucose, amino acids, salts, paani chhan jaata hai
- Tubule: zaroori cheezon (glucose, paani) ka reabsorption
- Baaki bacha urine — ureter se bladder, phir urethra se bahar
Paudhon mein excretion: patte girna, chaal (bark) mein jama karna, gums/resins ke roop mein.
Paudhon Mein Parivahan
Paudhon mein parivahan life processes class 10 notes ka aakhri topic hai — xylem aur phloem ke zariye hota hai:
- Xylem: jaron se paani aur minerals upar (transpiration pull se)
- Phloem: patton se bana bhojan poore paudhe mein (translocation)
Life Processes Class 10 Notes — Exam Ke Liye Key Points
- Life processes class 10 notes ke liye photosynthesis aur respiration ke equations zaroor yaad karein.
- Double circulation ka diagram practice karein.
- Nephron ki rachna aur urine formation ke 3 steps (filtration → reabsorption → secretion).
- Villi, alveoli, xylem/phloem ke ek-ek line ke kaam likhna seekhein.
Aur study notes ke liye https://jagatindia.com/category/students/ par jaayein.