RBI Floating Rate Bonds — 2026 me surakshit nivesh dhundhne walon ke liye yeh sarkari scheme ek baar phir charcha me hai. RBI Floating Rate Savings Bonds 2020 (Taxable) par 1 July se 31 December 2026 tak 8.05% p.a. interest mil raha hai. Yeh rate NSC ke 7.70% se 35 basis points zyada hai aur har 6 mahine me reset hoti hai. Sirf ₹1,000 se shuru hone wali is scheme me nivesh ki koi maximum seema nahi hai — lekin 7 saal ka tenure, sakht premature-withdrawal niyam aur poori tarah taxable interest jaisi shartein hain jinhe invest karne se pehle samajhna zaroori hai.
RBI Floating Rate Bonds Kya Hain
Yeh RBI dwara jaari ki jaane wali government securities hain — poora naam “Floating Rate Savings Bonds 2020 (Taxable)” hai. Naam me “Taxable” shabd saaf ishara karta hai: in par milne wala interest aapke income-tax slab ke hisaab se poori tarah taxable hai. PPF jaisa tax-free fayda yahan nahi milta, is baat ko shuru me hi samajh lena zaroori hai.
In bonds ki khaas baatein:
- Sovereign backing: RBI khud inhe jaari karta hai, isliye default ka jokhim lagbhag zero maana jaata hai. Bank FD se bhi zyada suraksha ke mamle me yeh sabse upar hain.
- Non-transferable aur non-tradable: In bonds ko becha nahi ja sakta aur na hi inhe doosre vyakti ke naam transfer kiya ja sakta hai.
- Loan ke liye pledge nahi: In bonds ko girvi rakhkar loan nahi liya ja sakta — FD par loan ki suvidha yahan nahi milegi.
- Form: Demat form me ya physical form (Bond Ledger Account — BLA) me rakhe ja sakte hain.
“Floating rate” ka seedha matlab hai ki interest rate fixed nahi hai. Yeh rate NSC (National Savings Certificate) ki rate se judi hui hai aur har 6 mahine me reset hoti hai — isliye rate kabhi badh sakti hai, kabhi ghat sakti hai.
RBI Floating Rate Bonds Ka Interest Rate: 8.05% Aur Reset Ka Niyam
1 July 2026 se 31 December 2026 tak in bonds par 8.05% p.a. interest mil raha hai. Yeh rate aise tay hoti hai: NSC ki maujooda rate (7.70%) + 35 basis points (0.35%) = 8.05%.
Reset ka niyam samjhein:
- Rate har 6 mahine me reset hoti hai — 1 January aur 1 July ko.
- Agla reset 1 January 2027 ko hoga; us samay NSC ki jo rate hogi, usi ke hisaab se bonds ki nayi rate lagegi.
- Interest ka bhugtan bhi half-yearly hota hai — 1 January aur 1 July ko, rakam seedha aapke bank account me aati hai.
- Sirf non-cumulative option hai — matlab interest har 6 mahine me aapko mil jaata hai; woh dobara invest hokar compound nahi hota.
Rate ka itihaas (scheme July 2020 me shuru hui thi):
| Avadhi | Interest rate (p.a.) |
| July 2020 – December 2022 | 7.15% |
| January 2023 – June 2023 | 7.35% |
| July 2023 – ab tak (Dec 2026) | 8.05% |
Is table se ek baat bilkul saaf hai: rate NSC se judi hai, isliye jab NSC ki rate badhti hai to bonds ki rate bhi badh jaati hai — aur NSC ki rate ghatne par bonds ki rate bhi ghategi. Pichhle 3 saalon se rate 8.05% par sthir hai kyunki NSC ki rate bhi 7.70% par sthir hai.
Kaun Invest Kar Sakta Hai: Eligibility
Invest kar sakte hain:
- Resident individuals — akele naam par ya joint holding me
- Minors — guardian ke zariye
- HUF (Hindu Undivided Family) — karta ke zariye
Invest nahi kar sakte:
- NRIs (Non-Resident Indians)
- Companies, trusts aur doosri institutions
Nivesh Ki Seema: ₹1,000 Se Shuru, Koi Maximum Nahi
- Minimum investment: sirf ₹1,000 — chhote niveshak bhi shuru kar sakte hain.
- Maximum investment: koi seema nahi — aap chahein to badi rakam bhi laga sakte hain.
- Tenure: 7 saal (dhyaan rahe — 8 saal nahi; purani 8% Savings Bonds wali scheme se confuse na hon).
Real-Number Examples: Hisaab Khud Dekhein
Example 1 — ₹1,00,000 ka nivesh:
Half-yearly payout = ₹1,00,000 × 8.05% ÷ 2 = ₹4,025 (tax se pehle).
Saal bhar me kul interest = ₹4,025 × 2 = ₹8,050.
Example 2 — ₹5,00,000 ka nivesh (TDS samjhein):
Half-yearly payout = ₹5,00,000 × 8.05% ÷ 2 = ₹20,125.
Saal bhar ka kul interest = ₹20,125 × 2 = ₹40,250.
- Section 193 ke tahat agar saal bhar ka interest ₹10,000 se zyada ho, to 10% TDS kat-ta hai.
- Yahan ₹40,250 > ₹10,000, isliye har half-yearly payout par 10% TDS = ₹2,012.50 katega (saal me kul ₹4,025).
- Dhyaan rahe: TDS final tax nahi hai — interest aapke slab rate par taxable hai, aur kate hue TDS ko usme se adjust kiya jaata hai. Agar aapki kul aay tax-seema se kam hai, to Form 15G/15H dekar TDS se bacha ja sakta hai.
Example 3 — ₹5 lakh ki tulna: Bonds vs FD vs PPF (7 saal ki avadhi):
- RBI Floating Rate Bonds (8.05%): saal me ₹40,250 interest; 7 saal me kul ₹2,81,750 (slab rate par taxable).
- Bank FD (7.4%, annual payout): saal me ₹37,000 interest; 7 saal me kul ₹2,59,000 (slab rate par taxable).
- PPF (7.1%, compounded): maturity = ₹5,00,000 × 1.071^7 ≈ ₹8,08,158; kul interest ≈ ₹3,08,158 — poori tarah tax-free. (Ek zaroori note: PPF me ek saal me adhiktam ₹1,50,000 hi jama ho sakta hai, to ₹5 lakh ek saath daalna sambhav nahi — yeh tulna sirf rate aur compounding ka farq samajhne ke liye hai.)
30% tax slab me post-tax asar:
- Bonds: 8.05% × 0.70 = 5.635% effective
- FD: 7.40% × 0.70 = 5.18% effective
- PPF: 7.10% tax-free = 7.10% effective
Matlab zyada tax slab walon ke liye PPF ka 7.1% tax-free return, bonds ke 8.05% taxable return se behtar padta hai — tax ka hisaab lagaye bina sirf headline rate dekhna galat hoga. FD ke baare me detail me yahan padhein: https://jagatindia.com/fd-kya-hai/
Premature Withdrawal: Sakht Niyam
Yeh bonds aasani se beech me nahi tode ja sakte. Premature withdrawal ke niyam sirf individual investors ke liye hain (HUF ke liye premature exit ki suvidha nahi hai):
- 60 saal se kam umar: koi premature exit nahi — 7 saal poore karne hi honge.
- 60–70 saal: 6 saal poore hone ke baad exit ki anumati.
- 70–80 saal: 5 saal poore hone ke baad exit ki anumati.
- 80 saal se upar: 4 saal poore hone ke baad exit ki anumati.
Shartein:
- Penalty: aakhri half-year ke interest ka 50% kat-ta hai.
- Redemption sirf interest-payment dates par — 1 January ya 1 July ko hi paisa wapas milta hai.
Udharahran: 65 saal ke niveshak ne ₹1,00,000 lagaye. 6 saal baad 1 July ko exit chaaha to anumati milegi, lekin aakhri half-year ke ₹4,025 interest ka 50% = ₹2,012.50 penalty ke roop me katega.
Tax: Poori Tarah Taxable Interest
- Interest aapke income-tax slab ke hisaab se taxable hai — 80C jaisi koi deduction nahi milti.
- TDS 10% (Section 193) agar saal ka interest ₹10,000 se zyada ho.
- Tax-seema se kam aay walon ke liye Form 15G/15H ka option — detail guide yahan: https://jagatindia.com/form-15g-15h-kya-hai/
Tulna: RBI Floating Rate Bonds vs FD vs PPF vs NSC
| Pehlu | RBI Floating Rate Bonds | Bank FD | PPF | NSC |
| Interest rate | 8.05% p.a. (floating, Jul–Dec 2026) | ~7.4% (fixed) | 7.1% p.a. (compounded) | 7.7% p.a. |
| Interest payout | Half-yearly (Jan 1, Jul 1) | Monthly/quarterly/annual | Maturity par (15 saal) | Maturity par (5 saal) |
| Tenure | 7 saal | 7 din – 10 saal | 15 saal | 5 saal |
| Tax | Slab rate par taxable, TDS 10% | Slab rate par taxable, TDS 10% | Poori tarah tax-free (EEE) | Interest taxable, 80C deduction |
| Premature exit | 60+ umar me hi, sharton ke saath | Penalty ke saath sambhav | 6 saal baad aanshik | Nahi |
| Minimum | ₹1,000 | ₹1,000 (bank anusaar) | ₹500/saal | ₹1,000 |
| Maximum | Koi seema nahi | Koi seema nahi | ₹1.5 lakh/saal | Koi seema nahi |
Kaun kiske liye: Regular half-yearly income chaahne wale senior citizens ke liye bonds ka 8.05% payout aakarshak hai; tax bachana hai to PPF behtar hai; beech me paise ki zaroorat pad sakti ho to FD zyada flexible hai kyunki usme premature withdrawal aasaan hai.
Aam Galtiyan
- 8.05% ko fixed rate samajhna: Yeh floating rate hai — 1 January 2027 ko reset hogi. NSC ki rate ghati to bonds ki rate bhi ghategi, isliye future return ki guarantee nahi hai.
- Tenure 8 saal samajhna: Galat — tenure 7 saal hai. Purani 8% Savings Bonds wali scheme se confuse na hon.
- Compounding ki ummeed rakhna: Sirf non-cumulative option hai — interest har 6 mahine me aapke account me aa jaata hai, woh dobara judkar badhta nahi.
- 60 se kam umar me exit ki ummeed rakhna: 60 saal se kam umar walon ke liye koi premature withdrawal nahi hai — aur in bonds ko loan ke liye girvi bhi nahi rakh sakte, isliye emergency fund ka paisa yahan na lagayein.
- TDS ko final tax samajhna: 10% TDS kat jaana matlab tax poora ho gaya — aisa nahi hai. Interest slab rate par taxable hai; 30% slab me baaki ka tax aapko dena hoga. Form 15G/15H sirf tab dein jab aapki kul aay vaastav me tax-seema se kam ho, warna galat declaration par penalty lag sakti hai.
FAQs
Q1. Kya RBI Floating Rate Bonds ki 8.05% rate badal sakti hai?
Haan. Yeh floating rate hai jo NSC ki rate + 35 basis points par tay hoti hai aur har 6 mahine (1 January, 1 July) me reset hoti hai. Agla reset 1 January 2027 ko hoga — NSC ki rate ke hisaab se nayi rate lagegi.
Q2. Kya NRI in bonds me invest kar sakte hain?
Nahi. Sirf resident individuals (akele naam par, joint holding me, ya minor guardian ke zariye) aur HUF eligible hain. NRIs, companies aur trusts invest nahi kar sakte.
Q3. Kya in bonds ko becha ya loan ke liye girvi rakha ja sakta hai?
Nahi. Yeh bonds non-transferable aur non-tradable hain, aur inhe pledge karke loan nahi liya ja sakta. Bechne ka koi secondary market nahi hai.
Q4. Interest kab aur kaise milta hai?
Har 6 mahine me — 1 January aur 1 July ko — interest seedha aapke bank account me aata hai. Sirf non-cumulative option hai, isliye interest dobara invest hokar compound nahi hota.
Q5. Kya Form 15G/15H dekar TDS se bacha ja sakta hai?
Haan. Agar saal ka interest ₹10,000 se zyada hai to 10% TDS katega, lekin aapki kul taxable aay basic exemption limit se kam hai to Form 15G/15H dekar TDS roka ja sakta hai.
Yeh sirf jaankari hai, financial advice nahi hai.
Sources: RBI — Floating Rate Savings Bonds 2020 (Taxable) FAQ (https://www.rbi.org.in); rate history (7.15% / 7.35% / 8.05%) aur scheme details — sanriya.in aur paisabazaar.com ke bond guides; TDS Section 193 (₹10,000 threshold) aur Form 15G/15H niyam — Income Tax Act ke tahat.